White stone statue of an intimate couple, Vigeland installation in Frogner Park, Oslo Norway

Intimacy
The blocky figures in the Vigeland installation in Frogner Park, Oslo, have a commanding immediacy.

When I think of Oslo, Norway, I think of sculpture: sculptured spaces and sculptured figures and objects. I had seen pictures of the famous Vigeland installation of Frogner Park, Oslo in an inflight magazine years ago, and this had coloured my expectations before my visit to the city in May.

I didn’t arrive under the best of circumstances: my husband – who was meant to be travelling with me – had been called back to Australia prematurely, and my phone had died. I’m used to travelling alone – and often have no phone or internet coverage, but still …

A friend laughed at me when she heard I was without my phone, but these days it is my lifeline – especially when I’m on the road: it is my map, my walking guide, and my direction finder; it is my appointment book, my diary and my alarm clock; it is my address book and my mini-camera. I use it to work out exchange rates and to translate problematic language. It keeps me connected to people at home and around the world, and allows me to book the next accommodation.

So, I was adrift in a strange city.

Fortunately, the people of Oslo were helpful and accommodating, and most of them spoke good English. The desk clerk at the budget hotel where I was staying was more than happy to look up the closest Apple store and mark it out on a paper map. With this map in hand and my cameras in tow, I set off across the inner city to said shop, only to be redirected back across town to a repair centre that no-one in the vicinity had heard of! When I finally found it, took a number, and came to my turn at the desk, they agreed with me: the phone would not charge. Very insightful. I was told they had no replacement batteries in stock.

I gave up, and decided to walk across town again: this time to Frogner Park and it’s renowned Vigeland sculptures. Along the way, I found many other sculptures dotted along my route.

Even more exciting, though: I accidentally found a generic battery shop! After 15 minutes and the exchange of a small amount of Norwegian krone, my phone had a new battery and I was back on the grid.

It was with a much lighter heart that I finished my day, enjoying some of Oslo’s unique public art.

Hotel room, Smarthotel, Oslo Norway

“Smart Room”
Talk about a sculpted space! My room was barely larger than a walk-in wardrobe, but managed to contain all the basic necessities. (ISO 3200 16mm f/6.3 1/60 sec)

Children in hi-vis vests at a pond in Slottsparken, Oslo Norway

Slottsparken – The Palace Park
Oslo is dotted with green spaces. Kindergarten children in their hi-vis vests explore one of the ponds in the architecturally-designed Palace Park. Sprinkled with tall, wintery trees, the park is ringed by elegant old multi-story buildings.

Grand Hotel rooftop at Karl Johans Gate, Oslo

Oslo Rooftops and Flags
Like many other of the old buildings around central Oslo, the Grand Hotel at Karl Johans Gate has an intriguing roofline.

Crocus blooming , Oslo Norway

Crocus
Signs of spring are at my feet. (iPhone6)

Norwegian Parliament Building, Oslo Norway

Norwegian Parliament Building
Built between 1860 and 1866 the Stortingsbygningen – the Norwegian Parliament Building – was designed by the Swede Emil Victor Langlet in a variety of styles influenced by French and Italian architecture.

Sculptured bust of Christian Michelsen, Oslo Norway

Christian Michelsen
In front of the Norwegian Parliament Building, there is an dignified bust by the Danish-Norwegian artist Per Palle Storm of Christian Michelsen (1857 – 1925), first prime minister – from 1905 to 1907 – of the newly independent Norway.

Sculpture of King Christian Frederik, Oslo Norway

King Christian Frederik
The statue of King Christian Frederik (1786-1848) by Kristian Blystad is a relatively modern (May 2014) addition to the park in front of the parliament buildings.

Sculpture of King Haakon VII, Oslo Norway

King Haakon VII
Standing tall at the top of a staircase in June Seventh Square is a stylised statue by Nils Aas of the once-exiled King Haakon VII (1872 – 1957), first king of independent Norway.

Henrik Ibsen Statue, Oslo Norway

Henrik Ibsen Statue
Outside the Ibsen Museum, a charming likeness of the playwright Henrik Ibsen (1828 – 1906) perches on a high stool. One story I heard/read was that he and his wife were both very short. He told the local children that they were trolls – who feature prominently in Nordic myths and Ibsen’s plays – so that the children would leave them alone.

Bark of a birch tree, Frogner Park, Oslo Norway

Birch Tree Bark
The boulevard leading through Frogner Park to the Vigeland sculptures is lined with birch trees with their beautiful, textured bark.

Statue of Gustav Vigeland, Frogner Park Oslo Norway

Gustav Vigeland
A statue of Gustav Vigeland (1869 – 1943), revered Norwegian sculptor, creator of the Vigeland installation, and designer of the Nobel Peace Prize medal, stands outside a coffee shop in Frogner Park. This sculpture of himself is the only one in the park with clothing: he wanted all his forms to be timeless, whereas he was vey much a part of the era in which he lived.

Vigeland statue of a mother standing with her child, Frogner Park Oslo Norway

Mother and Child
The cycle of life, from the cradle to the grave, is a common theme among Vigeland’s works. With more than 200 depictions of people engaged in everyday activities, the Vigeland installation is the world’s largest sculpture park with works by a single artist.

Vigeland sculptures on the bridge leading into the Vigeland installation, Oslo Norway

People on the Bridge
A 100 metre- (328 ft) long, 15 metre- (49 ft) wide bridge leads into the sculpture park. It features 58 bronze models of people of all ages.

Vigeland couple in the Wheel, Frogner Park Oslo Norway

The Ring
With the circle of life as a central them, wheels feature repeatedly. Vigeland was in charge of the design and layout of the whole installation area – which was completed between 1939 and 1949.

Vigeland statue of a young woman dancing, Frogner Park Oslo Norway

Young Woman Dancing
Although the statue of the angry baby is reputedly the most popular, this one one of a young woman dancing on the bridge is my favourite.

The Fountain at the Vigeland sculpture installation, Frogner Park Oslo Norway

The Fountain
Surrounded by 20 bronze tree clumps with people of all ages woven through them, this fountain was originally commissioned for the square in front of the Parliament.

The Fountain at the Vigeland Sculpture installation, Frogner Park Oslo Norway

Bodies in the Fountain
The fountain features six giants supporting a large basin of cascading water.

Steps up to the Monolith, Vigeland sculpture installation, Frogner Park Oslo Norway

Up to the Monolith
High up the steps to the Monolith plateau ….

Wrought iron gate, Vigeland sculpture installation, Frogner Park Oslo Norway

Gate to the Monolith
… and through one of the eight wrought iron gates (designed between 1933 and 1937 and installed in 1943 after Vigeland died) …

The Monolith, Vigeland sculpture installation, Frogner Park Oslo Norway

The Monolith
… sits the park’s central feature: The Monolith, towering 14.12 metres (46.32 ft) into the sky.

Detail: The Monolith, Vigeland sculpture installation, Frogner Park Oslo Norway

The Monolith – Detail
As the name implies, this massive column of 121 human figures was carved from a single piece of granite.

Vigeland sculpture of two men on the Monolith plateau, Frogner Park Oslo Norway.

The Men
There are 36 granite sculptures on the Monolith plateau – each telling a story about human relationships.

A man and his phone at the base of the fountain, Frogner Park Oslo Norway.

A Man and his Phone
Frogner Park attracts between 1 and 2 million visitors every year, making it the most popular tourist attraction in Norway.

While I was researching the names of some of the statues I came across, I discovered several websites devoted to the city’s quirky artworks, illustrating how many more there are that I didn’t see around the city. One blogger (Alisa Kennedy) visited the Vigeland sculptures in winter, and produced images with a very different feel to those that I experienced.

Text: Happy TravelsIt makes me want to go back and revisit this extraordinary place! 

Until next time,

Happy Travels!

Photos: 01-02May2018

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Afro Celt Sound System
It doesn’t get much more international than this! Guinean musician N’Faly Kouyate, British Indian dhol drummer Johnny Kalsi and Armagh- (Northern Ireland) born flautist Ríoghnach Connolly perform on stage with Afro Celt Sound System at this year’s Bluesfest Byron Bay.

(Double click for: Afro Celtic Sound SystemBig Cat )

Self-billed as “Australia’s premier contemporary blues & roots music festival”, the annual five-day festival of international blue-, roots-, and any-other-kind-of-music held over the Easter long weekend on Tyagarah Tea Tree Farm – 120 hectares just north of Byron Bay in NSW Australia – has never disappointed me. Under the sole ownership of festival director Peter Noble since 2009, the festival continually expands its scope. As one music writer put it: “Byron Bay Bluesfest has long since outgrown the restrictions of its title. Even its old blues and roots moniker falls short of describing the wealth of genres and hybrids that jostle for position over five days every Easter.” Every time I attend, I wonder what international musical gems I will come across when I’m least expecting them.

Perhaps it was my imagination – or maybe it was just the nature of the groups that I happened upon from the full smorgasbord available – but it seemed to me that there were even more unusual and interesting international musicians on offer than ever.

Come and meet some of the international artists from the stages of Bluesfest Byron Bay 2018:

Juanes on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Juanes
As we waited for the next performer in the Crossroads tent, I realised we were surrounded by people who were not speaking English. “How do you pronounce this?” I asked a neighbour, pointing to the next name in my program. “You-an-ez,” said the gorgeous young man with dark brown eyes. “He is from Colombia! He is a Spanish-singing superstar!” (30March2018)

Juanes on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Juanes
Born Juan Estebán Aristizábal Vásquez, but known professionally as Juanes, this guitarist, singer, songwriter, and activist is considered (alongside Shakira) to be one of Colombia’s biggest musical names.

Juanes on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Juanes
Who knew there were so many people familiar with Spanish-pop-music in Byron Bay? The audience was in raptures.

Ásgeir on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Ásgeir
We were clearly in the international tent! The accents around us changed and we were soon surrounded by blond heads. Ásgeir Trausti Einarsson is a rising star in Iceland, …

Ásgeir on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Ásgeir
… performing his sweetly-voiced poetic songs in Icelandic and English(30March2018)

Youssou N

Youssou N’Dour
On what was becoming a culturally rich afternoon, we changed continents again, and were treated to energetic and passionate Senegalese singer, songwriter, composer, occasional actor, businessman, and politician Youssou N’Dour. (30March2018)

Youssou N

Youssou N’Dour
N’Dour is known for introducing international audiences to mbalax – a Senegalese popular music form that blends local traditions with Cuban and other Latin American popular styles – and for his incredible vocal range.

Youssou N

Youssou N’Dour
N’Dour and his band were joined on stage by the most amazing dancer/acrobat …

Drummer with Youssou N

Drummer with Youssou N’Dour
… and a player of the the tama (talking drum), all of which made the set even more infectious.

Jimmy Cliff on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Jimmy Cliff
Grammy Award Winner and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductee Jimmy Cliff lays down some reggae rhythms. (30March2018)

Jimmy Cliff on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Jimmy Cliff
With almost 50 years on the world stage, this Jamaican master of ska and reggae has had a number of hits on mainstream pop charts. It was impossible not to sing along.

Jimmy Cliff and his singer on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Jimmy Cliff
He and his musicians were just as fresh and infectious when we saw part of their set on the festival’s last day. (02April2018)

Clarence Bekker and Playing for Change on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Clarence Bekker and Playing for Change
Comprising musicians and musical styles from all corners of the globe, Playing for Change is, by definition, international: it was founded in 2002 to inspire and connect the world through music.

Sound mixing station in Ryan McMullen

Sound Mixing for Ryan McMullen
Early afternoon on day three, I could appreciate some of the technical people who help the tents fill with glorious sound.

Ryan McMullen on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Ryan McMullen
The sweet vocals and beautifully crafted songs of young Irish performer Ryan McMullen soared over our heads.

Harry Manx and Jeff Lang on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Harry Manx and Jeff Lang
I could listen to Harry Manx’s Indian-folk inspired slide-guitar blues and husky vocals forever! Because I first saw Manx at The Basement in Sydney many years ago, I didn’t realise he actually lives in Canada. Backed on the Bluesfest stage by Jeff Lang, one of Australia’s premier guitarists, Manx has studied and performed music extensively in Japan and India.

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Afro Celt Sound System
Guinean N’Faly Kouyate, Celtic Robbie Harris and British Sikh Johnny Kalsi blend percussion instruments from three continents into high-energy, joyful music that you can’t help but dance to: Afro Celt Sound System were one of my festival highlights.

Robbie Harris on Bodhrán - Afro Celt Sound System - on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Robbie Harris on Bodhrán

Afro Celt Sound System on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Afro Celt Sound System
The artists in Afro Celt Sound System are multi-instrumantalists. Here we have Robbie Harris on bodhrán, producer Simon Emmerson on guitar and N’Faly Kouyate on kora.

Ríoghnach Connolly (Afro Celt Sound System) on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Ríoghnach Connolly
Add Ríoghnach Connolly on flute and you have pure magic.

Seu Jorge on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Seu Jorge
Brazilian musician, singer/songwriter and actor Seu Jorge looked small on stage, alone with his guitar as he performed his acoustic renditions of David Bowie classics in Portuguese for an enthralled audience.

Seu Jorge on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Seu Jorge
Many of the audience were also wearing red hats in tribute to Pelé dos Santos, the fictional character Jorge played in the Wes Anderson film The Life Aquatic.

Rag

Rag ‘n’ Bone Man
With his deep, bass-baritone voice and his urban hip-hop beats and funky lyrics, London-based Rory Charles Graham – better known as Rag’n’Bone Man – is a musical force to be reckoned with.

The Wailers on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

The Wailers
The Wailers and their Jamaican reggae sounds are always popular at Bluesfest.

Bali Blues Brothers on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Bali Blues Brothers
Just more proof that they play blues all over the world: in their traditional Balinese udeng head-dresses and sarongs, these young men from Bali, Indonesia

Bali Blues Brothers on stage at Byron Bay Bluesfest 2018, AU

Bali Blues Brothers
… gave a credible performance of classic blues numbers.

Text: To the Music

I’m never sure which I enjoy most: the range of musical styles on offer, or a return to timeless blues classics.

Either way, the performers are world class, and the music is wonderful.

I’m already looking forward to next year!

Until then –

Keep Smiling!

Pictures: 30March-2April2018

Two seated crocodile men with scarification running down their backs sitting in the Kanganaman spirit house, PNG

Crocodile Men
With their unique clan scarification running down their backs (and fronts) into their trousers, the crocodile men of the Middle Sepik in Papua New Guinea can often be found inside the spirit house: carving, drumming, telling stories; or just sitting chatting and smoking or chewing betel nut.

What is “culture”?

That was the question for our first assigned essay in “Culture Myth and Symbolism”, an upper-level anthropology course I took at university, many, many years ago. Deceptively simple, the “answer” – if there is one – became increasingly layered and complex the more I delved into tomes written by the notable ‘modern’ anthropologists of the 20th century. As the course outline puts it:

“All our social practices have a cultural dimension that is as profound as anything we would usually consider to be an imperative such as earning a livelihood. In the twentieth century anthropologists concerned with the study of culture came to focus on systems of symbols and meaning.”

It is one thing to witness the artefacts of culture; quite another thing to understand them. Another essay I researched at the time was about body art and adornment: because clothing, makeup, tattooing, scarification, and even posture, can tell us something about the culture we embody.

Memories of this course – one of my favourites during my university days – came back to me when I was in Papua New Guinea last year. This was especially true in the Middle Sepik region, where initiated men in the Crocodile Clan embody the crocodile: their totem and symbol of strength and power. They believe that humans are the offspring of migrating ancestral crocodiles; their initiation ceremony (for males only!) takes boys and moves them through androgyny and into manhood – albeit with a crocodile spirit.

Men of the crocodile clan are heavily scarified to look like the reptiles they epitomise. Circles of scar tissue surrounding their nipples mimic crocodile eyes; nostrils are carved near the abdomen. Their backs are scarred in the form of the powerful animal’s rear legs and tail.

American anthropologist Nancy Sullivan, who lived and worked in Papua New Guinea for many years, was present during a crocodile-clan initiation ceremony. The young men were taken, under the protection of their mothers’ brothers, to the haus tambaran (spirit house), where hundreds of cuts were incised: symbolically bleeding out their mothers’ postpartum blood to make them ‘men’ of their father’s lineage. Tigaso tree oil and clay were applied to the open wounds. Then the boys lay down by a smoky fire to infect the wounds so that keloid scar tissue was produced. During the whole process, flutes and hour-glass shaped kundu drums played to ‘confuse the women’.

Other sources talk about the two months that the young men are sequestered in the spirit houses, learning their clan genealogies, the significance of every clan song and ceremony, and the origins and spiritual purpose of every image or object in the haus tambaran. (For a much more detailed – and somewhat graphic – account of the whole process, have a look at the fascinating article by ‘tattoo anthropologist’ Lars Krutak.)

I was in the village of Kanganaman in the Middle Sepik with photographer Karl Grobl from Jim Cline Photo Tours, not for an initiation (which only happens every two or more years) but for the much more enjoyable experience of watching a sing-sing – a festival of culture, dance and music by a gathering of tribes, villages or clans (more about that soon).

Clan culture is strong here: crocodiles (pukpuk) are not the only clan spirits or totems. Eagles (taragau), snakes, cassowary (muruk), pigs, birds of paradise, and other animals, can each represent a spirit clan, and each village usually has several clans and sub-clans. The inter-relationship of these totems is complex, and although one man tried to explain his attachments (separately through his mother and his father) to two spirit symbols, I can’t begin to understand how it all works. It is said, however, that the more diverse clans and spirits a village has, the stronger the village will be – especially in protecting against black magic. Sorcery still looms large in the regional psyche.

The people along the Sepik River had almost no contact with Westerners until the 19th century, and the region is still relatively remote and difficult to access (see: Welcome to the Spirit House!). Life here has changed little here for thousands of years. There is no electricity (except by generator for the few hardy tourists) and no running water. What there is is unremitting heat that envelopes one like a wet blanket, and the constant buzz of insects – including hordes of mosquitos, which may or may not be carrying malaria, dengue fever, or Japanese encephalitis.

No wonder the locals almost all chew the ubiquitous betal (areca) nut!

Still, I would do it again. It was still fascinating to meet the crocodile men, to listen to their stories, and to see some of their extraordinary body markings.

Kanganaman Village House, Sepik River, Papua New Guinea

Kanganaman Village House
The village we stayed in is a modest place. Most of the houses are like this one: simple rooms with bamboo floors, and woven walls and roof, raised up on stilts to protect against river floods.

Young children at a tree, Kanganaman Village, PNG

Kids at a Tree
Kanganaman Village is small, but PNG has a young population (more than 33% are under 14 years old), so it is no surprise that there are plenty of children to hang around and watch us every time we go anywhere.

Two young children, Kanganaman Village, PNG

Kids in the Green

Inside the Spirit House, Kanganaman Village, PNG

Inside the Spirit House
The Kanganaman spirit house is lofty and large. Local women (and young men who are not initiated) are not allowed inside, but we are permitted – as long as we take our hats off and don’t touch anything without checking. Many of the objects – including the wicker cone-shaped tumbuan dance costumes on the left, are sacred.

Drummer in the spirit house, Kanganaman Village, PNG

Drummer
Inside the haus tambaran – the spirit house – the village elders set up drum rhythms. Garamut (slit drums) like this one, are carved from a tree trunk, and engraved and painted in stages. They are kept in the men’s spirit houses and pounded with poles during special ceremonies.

Crocodile Man

Crocodile Man’s Shoulder
When the men take a break from their drumming, they sit on the bench that runs along one side inside the spirit house.

Two seated crocodile men with scarification running down their backs sitting in the Kanganaman spirit house, PNG

Crocodile Men
The patterns of scarification are all somewhat different – depending on the cutter who has done them and the design within the father’s family. But, they are all impressive!

Portrait: Smiling Papuan man, Sepik River PNG

Smiling Drummer

Smiling Crocodile Man in the spirit house, , Kanganaman Village, PNG

Smiling Crocodile Man
You can just barely see the scarification on this man’s chest. 

Crocodile Man outside the spirit house, Kanganaman Village, PNG

Crocodile Man’s Back
The men are all quite happy to pose briefly for us.

Crocodile skull decorated with shells, Kanganaman Village, PNG

Decorated Crocodile Skull
Like all the art and artefacts inside the spirit house, this crocodile skull has significance: we were told very clearly not to touch it. Shells are central to PNG culture, and were once used as currency. So, this skull has monetary worth as well as artistic and spiritual value.

Portrait: Smiling Papuan man, Sepik River PNG

Crocodile Elder

Crocodile man and his eagle carving, Kanganaman spirit house, PNG

The Eagle, the Fish and the Woman
All of the wonderful carvings in the spirit house have a story – some of which their creators gladly explain to us.

Wooden carved crocodile, Kanganaman Village, PNG

Crocodile
The crocodile motif shows up in various forms.

Painted Carvings in a spirit house, Kanganaman Village, PNG

Drums, Painted Masks, Story Carvings and Stools
Even objects that have inhabited been by spirits get replaced and recycled – so many of the colourful objects in the spirit house can be purchased. The whole Sepik region is very popular with collectors of artefacts.

Crocodile man applying face paint to another, Kanganaman Village, PNG

Cassowary Eyes?
Soon it is time for the men of the village we are staying in to apply their face paint for the sing-sing their are hosting.

Crocodile man applying face paint to another, Kanganaman Village, PNG

Face Painting
The face painting is a long, delicate process, but because the designs follow a prescribed village pattern, the men can take turns working in the stifling spirit-house heat.

Scarred back of a crocodile man in a leaf skirt, Kanganaman Village, PNG

Crocodile Man Dancing
The dancers at the sing-sing illustrate that idea of villages having representatives of different clans: …

Papuan man with crocodile scarification and black and white sing-sing face paint, Kanganaman Village, PNG

“Wild Duck”
… each village comes with its own ancestral story-dance and their unique face-paint representing their spirit totem.

Crocodile Man in a Shell Pectoralt, Kanganaman Village, PNG

Crocodile Man in a Shell Pectoral Adornment
While each village has a ‘set’ costume, the men add on their own personal touches. This old kina shell pectoral adornment is very valuable and has probably been passed down for generations.

Firelight in a spirit house, illuminating a crocodile man

Firelight on the Scars
When the dancers from neighbouring villages have all gone home, we gather in the spirit house …

Firelight in a spirit house, illuminating the Sacred Carvings, Kanganaman Village, PNG

Firelight on the Sacred Carvings
… where the light from the fire turns the spirit-infused carvings quite atmospheric!

Text: Happy Travels

It truly is a different world and a foreign – but fascinating – culture.

Until next time,

Happy Travels!

Photos: 13-14August2017

Portrait of a Kazakh eagle hunter and his hooded golden eagle, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Jakslak and his Eagle
Jakslak, one of four sons in a family of semi-nomadic Kazakh eagle hunters, bears the scars of hunts gone wrong.

“A fast horse and a soaring eagle
are the wings of a nomad.”

–Kazakh proverb

The animals in Western Mongolia are as wild as the landscape: the horses are unruly and the hunting eagles are never fully tame. I suspect that the ethnic Kazakhs who live there prefer it that way.

The Kazakhs are descendants of medieval Turkic and Mongol tribes who formed a unique identity between 1456 and 1465. They were always semi-nomadic wanderers on the steppes, reliant on their livestock: sheep, Bactrian camels and horses; for transportation, clothing and food. 

Over the years – and for various reasons (see: At Home with the KazakhsNurguli, Eagle Huntress) – large numbers of Kazakhs crossed the Altai Mountains from Kazakhstan into Bayan-Ölgii Province in the western corner of Mongolia. High in the mountain plateaus that nestle along the borders of China and Russia, the customs and traditions of the 90,000-or-so ethnic Kazakhs that live here have changed little in hundreds of years. Nominally Sunni Muslims, they also pay reverence to the sky, ancestors, fire and supernatural good- and evil-spirits. Although Mongolian is taught at school, it is a second language for most people in the province who speak their own Turkic Kazakh at home. They rely on their clan and their herds, living a pastoral-nomadic lifestyle, complete with their age-old tradition of hunting with eagles.

Training a golden eagle (or, more rarely, another raptor) in the timeless Kazakh traditions is passed down through generations. In the family where I was staying –  with Mongolian guides G and Segi of Shaman Tours, photographers Jeffrey Chapman and Winslow Lockhart from Within the Frame, and several other travellers – the patriarch Sarkhad was an award-winning eagle hunter. Two of his four sons had followed in his footsteps, and these three men were guiding Sarkhad’s young granddaughter in the art of eagle hunting (see: Nurguli, Eagle Huntress).

Becoming a burkitshi, a Kazakh eagle hunter, takes strength, endurance, patience, and of course, a love of these beautiful raptors. Commentators who have spent time with these burkitshi remark on the affinity they have with their birds. The hunters find an eagle nest – high in the mountains – and capture a young female bird from under her parents’ watchful eyes. The bird is then hooded, tethered and hand reared: “The first rule in training an eagle to hunt is to treat it with respect and gentleness like it is a baby.” The trainer talks, sings, and croons to the hooded bird to get it used to his or her voice, and to keep it calm and happy. Although the birds are restrained between hunts, they could easily fly away when released, or attack their handlers.

Once the birds are old enough, the hunters – on foot or on specially trained horses – take the eagles high onto a ridge or hill and teach them to come when called and to catch prey and give it to their masters. The key here is repetition. Lots and lots of repetition.

The Kazakhs hunt in winter when the pelts of the furred animals they are seeking – rabbits, marmots, foxes, and even wolves – are lusher. Eagle hunting provides the furs and meat necessary to survive the harsh winters, and animal furs, felts and pelts are an integral part of traditional Kazakh clothing.

The eagles take four to five years to train fully, and are only ever semi-tamed. After about ten years of captivity, they are returned to the wild: the hunter leaves a sheep carcass deep in the mountains, releases the bird and leaves her to fend for herself, find a mate and reproduce.

We were able to tag along as Sarkhad and his two eagle-hunting sons helped 13-year old Nurguli learn how to handle and train her young bird.

It was a learning experience for us as well!

Kazakh Homestead, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Kazakh Homestead
In summer, our Kazakh hosts follow the herds with their portable ger camps; this is their permanent base and winter home: a complex of flat-roofed white-washed mud-brick rooms set behind rocky fences.

Kazakh Eagle Hunter, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Burkitshi – Kazakh Eagle Hunter
Called burkitshi in Kazakh, eagle hunters wear traditionally embroidered clothing and fox fur hats.

Kazakh Eagle Hunter and his golden eagle, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Razdak and his Eagle
Kazakhs usually choose female eagles because they are much larger and therefore able to catch heavier animals. The eagles are hooded to keep them calm until they are released to catch prey.

Kazakh Eagle Hunter and his golden eagle, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Razdak and his Eagle
During training, eagle hunters hum, sing, and speak to their birds to imprint their voices on them. They develop an affinity with their eagles, and continue to communicate with them, especially when the birds are hooded.

Kazakh Eagle Hunter and his golden eagle, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Jakslak and his Eagle
The eagle’s hood – tomaga – is removed in preparation for hunting.

Portrait: Kazakh Eagle Hunter and his golden eagle, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Jakslak’s Eagle
Those eyes! That beak! These powerful birds have a wingspan of 2.5 meters (8ft) and weigh up to 7 kg (15lbs) when fully grown.

Golden Eagle in Flight, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Golden Eagle in Flight
Soaring at speeds of around 45–52 kilometres per hour (28–32 mph), and diving after prey at around 240 to 320 kilometres per hour (150 to 200 mph), golden eagles are perhaps the best fliers among all raptors.

Kazakh Eagle Hunter with his bird, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Sarkhad and the Incoming Eagle
It takes balance, strength and a lot of practice to land a seven-kilo (14 lb) incoming eagle.

Kazakh Eagle Hunter with his bird, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

The Eagle has Landed!
The birds are rewarded immediately when they have performed their tasks.

Kazakh Eagle Hunter on Horseback, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Razdak and his Horse
Mongolian ponies are small and feisty; …

Kazakh Eagle Hunter on Horseback, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Razdak Catching his Eagle
… they are also well trained – allowing their rider to catch the incoming eagle.

Kazakh Eagle Hunter horseback with his bird, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Razdak and his Eagle
The praise and reward is immediate, and then the bird is hooded again.

Kazakh Eagle Hunter on Horseback, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Jakslak Waiting for his Eagle
Lots of repetition is the key to good training, and the brothers take turns calling their birds …

Kazakh Eagle Hunter horseback with his bird, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Jakslak and his Eagle
… and catching them on the fly.

Kazakh Eagle Hunter on Horseback, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Sarkhad on Horseback
Patriarch of the family, Sarkhad wears the traditional long, richly embroidered chapan overcoat …

Portrait: Kazakh Eagle Hunter on Horseback, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Sarkhad Horseback
… and malakhai – a very warm winter hat with ear-flaps made out of fox fur.

Kazakh Eagle Hunter horseback with his bird, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Horse and Eagle Moving
Another training exercise involves dragging a fox carcass behind the cantering pony for the eagle to catch. (ISO100 70mm f/22 1/30sec)

Golden eagle on a fox carcass, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Eagle and Fox
Again, the bird will be rewarded with fresh meat once she releases the fox. It is said that some birds can bring down prey with no damage to the precious fur.

Kazakh Eagle Hunter and his golden eagle, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Sarkhad and his Eagle
Sarkhad is indeed master of his eagle and his domain.

Kazakh Eagle Hunters with their birds, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Taking the Eagles Uphill
The next day we head out with the hunters again, as they climb the hills with their eagles – and with a trussed fox that one of the more experienced eagles has just captured.

Kazakh Eagle Family with their birds, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Kazakh Family
The family poses briefly on the rocky hillside before going back to training.

Close up: Rugged Ground, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Rugged Ground
The vegetation is sparse on the rugged slopes.

Kazakh Eagle Hunters in the vast landscape, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Hunters on the Hill
It is a starkly beautiful landscape, with an unforgiving climate, … 

Kazakh Grandfather and Granddaughter on a Hill with their eagles, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

Grandfather and Granddaughter on the Hill
… and it gives rise to tough people with some harsh customs.

Muzzled fox on a hillside, Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia

The Fox
The terrified fox is muzzled and set loose so that the youngest eagle can practice hunting.

As I said – some harsh customs. 

It used to be that the annual Ölgii Eagle Festival included live prey, but tourists found it too distressing, so only pelts are used in competition. There is nothing “romantic” about the traditional lives of the Kazakh nomads!

Text: Take only PicturesBut, it is clear how well they understand their environment, and how much they respect and value the magnificent birds of prey that they have persuaded to help them clothe and feed their families.

It was a real privilege to spend time with them.

Pictures: 28&29Septembery2016

  • I Diamonds - August 10, 2023 - 6:10 pm

    I am interested in learning to be an eagle hunter. Please contact me.ReplyCancel

    • Ursula - August 10, 2023 - 8:03 pm

      If you have read the story, you know I was just a visitor!ReplyCancel

Three young male lions at a waterhole, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Lion Pack
Three young males were part of the second group of lions we saw on our day full of birds and beasts as we drove around Etosha National Park in Northern Namibia.

“We’re goin’ on a lion hunt,

“We’re going to catch a big one –

“I’m not scared.

“What a beautiful day!”

OK – it’s true: the popular children’s chant is about a bear hunt, but I was in a jeep, bumping across dusty gravel tracks in Northern Namibia, and we were in search of lions. The refrain from the children’s song kept running through my head. I felt like a kid, a kid in a candy shop: the animals are just everywhere you turn in Etosha National Park

I was travelling with photographer Ben McRae, a group of photography enthusiasts, and local guide guide Morne Griffiths. We had been living in tents for three nights at Namutoni Camp, next to the King Nehale Waterhole. Each night, I’d listened to the lions roaring to each other as I lay in the dark. But we hadn’t seen any on our first forays into the park (e.g.: Birds and Beasts on the Veld).

That morning, however, we got lucky. We came across a group of three adolescent males and spent time watching them out of the pop-top in our jeep (see: Camouflage and Zebra Crossings). We returned to camp for lunch, and set off again in the early afternoon, in search of more.

Truthfully, I was supremely happy with all the other animals we came across (and saw at the waterhole itself – eg: A Day at the Waterhole and Elephant Waltz).

Lions would just be a bonus! 

Elephant at a waterhole, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Elephant at the Waterhole
In my mind, these giants are the true rulers of the veld.

Zebras at a waterhole, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Zebras at the Waterhole

Wildebeests, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

An Untidiness of Wildebeests
Although the correct collective is an “implausibility of gnu” or a“confusion of wildebeest”, “untidiness” seems to suit them just as well.

Wildebeest, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

“I’m a Gnu”
Wildebeest are improbable creatures; I cannot see them without breaking into the song written by the British duo Flanders & Swann: “I’m a g-gnu, spelled g-n-u.”

Two Kudus, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Two Kudus
Kudus – a species of antelope – gather near the waterholes.

Giraffe on the Road, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Giraffe on the Road
The animals in the park own the roads.

Giraffe in the Thorn Trees, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Giraffe in the Thorn Trees
I love how the curve of the giraffe’s neck is an extension of its spine, as it looks around.

White Rhinoceros - Ceratotherium Simum, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

White Rhinoceros – Ceratotherium Simum
The largest of the five rhino species – white rhino – are no longer endangered, but are still considered threatened.

White Rhinoceros - Ceratotherium Simum, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

White Rhinoceros – Ceratotherium Simum
I was thrilled when we came across one on our drive in search of lions.

 Fort Namutoni, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Fort Namutoni
Originally built as a German police post in 1896, Fort Namutoni

Door Handle, Namutoni Fort, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Door Handle
… is the gateway to our campsite as we return for a late lunch. (iPhone)

Grey Go-Away-Bird - Corythaixoides Concolor

Grey Go-Away-Bird – Corythaixoides Concolor
Called the “go-away-bird” for their alarm call: “Kuh-wê!”, grey louries welcomed us to the fort.

Kori Bustard - Ardeotis Kori, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Kori Bustard – Ardeotis Kori

Smiling Namibia driver in his truck window, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Driver
Our driver is smiling: …

Young male lions in the shade of a tree, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Lazy Lions
… he has found a “coalition” of five male lions lazing under a tree.

Young male lions in the shade of a tree, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Siesta
It’s late afternoon: the young males clearly have nothing to do but lie in their little patch of shade.

Giraffe walking on a gravel road, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Giraffe Walking
It is anthropomorphism, but I love the feeling of ownership that I imagine emanating from the various animals as they walk around their territory.

Helmeted Guineafowl Numida Meleagris, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Helmeted Guineafowl – Numida Meleagris

Giraffes at a waterhole, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Giraffes
I love watching the giraffes as they take turns keeping watch over the waterhole, and bending awkwardly to drink.

Jeep on the road and two male lions, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Lions and Watchers
Where there are lions, there will be safari vehicles, watching and following.

Five young male lions at a waterhole, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Lion Pack
The young princes lounge around the waterhole without a care in the world.

Five young male lions at a waterhole, Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Is that a Yawn or a Roar?
It is all quiet today, but their flanks show the marks of fights past.

Sunset over Etosha National Park, Namibia Africa

Sunset
In the early evening, the world around us goes quiet as the sun drops over the veld.

Text: Take only PicturesNight falls quickly over the dusty plains. The sun turned red as I contemplated a day replete with animals: the princely lions that we had been in search of and the others in their domain.

We had one more more morning in the park before heading back to the city …

More on that another time.

Happy Travels!

Photos: 21August2015