Puyupatamarca Known as La Ciudad entre la Niebla – The City Above the Clouds, Phuyupatamarca was possibly my favourite of the many ruins along the Inca Trail.
Hiking the Inca Trail from Piscacucho, or Kilometer 82, to the Inca citadel city of Machu Picchu is an unbeatable experience.
The trail follows just a small part – 42 kilometers (26 miles) – of the much larger UNESCO-listed complex of roads, the Qhapaq Ñan – meaning ‘royal road’ in Quechua – built by the Inca over several centuries as a communication, trade, and defence network throughout the Andes Mountains.
Walking it requires a reasonable level of fitness: the rocky paths are steep and the days are long. From a starting point of around 2500 metres (8202 ft) above sea level, the track ascends to beyond 4200 m (13,800 ft), and more than a few people experience altitude sickness. The route rises over several mountain passes and through several types of Andean vegetation zones; it gives the walker access to remote villages and ancient Inca ruins of extraordinary beauty and complexity.
It also gave me a huge sense of accomplishment.
But, one needs to keep it in perspective! There is an annual Inca Trail marathon, and the quickest participant can finish in under six hours what took us four days to walk. And, our local porters carried many times the weight that we did, and were only ever slowed by bureaucracy: the steeply ascending mountain tracks did not phase them. Peruvian porters are a hardy lot!
When we walked the trail, back in 2006, there was an election in the country. As voting is compulsory, many of the seasoned porters were back in their respective villages, leaving us in the care of 18-year-old first-timers, who still did a superb job. Almost every meal stop, they beat us to the site, and we would arrive, exhausted, to find the meal tent already set up and ready to go. In the evenings, we’d reach camp to find our tents-for-two ready and waiting for us. Our arrival signalled the young men to go scurrying for pans of hot water so we could wash in our tents before dinner. The porters were ‘colour-coded’, wearing bibs according to the group they belonged to. Ours was ‘the green team’, and we thought they were fabulous.
Our second day on the walk (see: The Inca Trail, Day 2) had been particularly rugged. After that, the first half of day three was a piece of cake – up and down through beautiful countryside and magnificent archaeological ruins. While we saw lots of birds – sparkling violators, blue and white swallows, Inca wrens, and rufous collared sparrows – we didn’t meet Wellington Bear (the South American bear, or osode anteojos), whose family originated in these woods.
Unfortunately, because heavy rains had washed out a portion of track past the Sun Gate, our campsite for the night had to be changed, and we spent the afternoon walking down a steep, little-used gully trail to the railway tracks, where we walked along uneven rail ties and gravel (keeping an ear out, so as to avoid oncoming trains!), further testing joints and muscles. This took us into the town of Aguas Calientes (or, as the locals call it: Machu Picchu Town), where four of us decided to indulge in beers and pisco sours while waiting for the last two, who hobbled into camp with one of the guides well after dark.
Because we had successfully completed all the high-altitude sections of the walk, we were actually treated to wine with our dinner. After another fabulous meal (our chef was a wonder!), we fell into our tents knowing we would have to be up at 4:30 to break camp for the final ascent, straight up, into Machu Picchu itself.
Daybreak in the Andes The early-morning sky over our campsite at Sayacmarca (3625 m / 11893 ft) turns pink. ‘Sayacmarca’ is sometimes translated as Town in a Steep Place. ‘Steep’ doesn’t begin to describe the trip to the toilet blocks!
Morning over the Vilcabamba Mountains The sun isn’t fully up and it’s cold, but it is turning into a beautiful day. Pumasillo, or ‘puma claw’, is the snow-capped peak on the left.
Sayacmarca As we drop down the trail, we can look back up at that almost inaccessible sacred Inca ruin.
Porter! After dropping to about 3500 meters, we start climbing steeply again.
Red Team We hear the call “Porters!” and the red team comes through.
Above the Clouds On the last rise, we enter the pass at Puyupatamarca (3640 m / 11942 ft) – “The City Above the Clouds”.
Triumphant We are feeling so relaxed after the tough day the day before …
The Hill … that we climbed an extra hill, just for fun!
Puyupatamarca (Phuyupatamarca) – Cloud-Level Town The views are pretty amazing as well.
Ritual Baths at Puyupatamarca
Paddington Bear Forest This is the ancestral home of the Andean bear, Tremarctos ornatus …
Walker and a Butterfly … but we only ever spotted smaller creatures.
Down to Puyupatamarca The down-hills can be as hard as the ups. Those bamboo poles we bought on Day 1 (see: The Inca Trail, Day 1) got a real workout!
Lines and Curves I loved these ruins: they are written up as an example of the Inca philosophy of balance between humans and nature because of their complex hydraulic structures; I just loved the patina of moss on the curves of the ancient stones.
Taking in the View The mountains and their cloud forests stretch out forever.
Wiñay Wayna (2700 m / 8858 ft) The extensive agricultural terraces at Wiñay Wayna (Huiñay Huayna) – Forever Young – are seriously impressive, …
The Urubamba Gorge … as are the views into the valley far below us
Salvia Dombeyi Lamiace The giant Bolivian sage thrives at this 3000 m altitude.
Steps and Water Catchment Thinking about the time and engineering …
Stairs … that went into constructing these complexes is just mind-boggling!
Wall Detail – Wiñay Wayna
The Valley Below Hard to believe, but by end of day, we’ll be back down there!
Up Wiñay Wayna In the other direction, the terraces climb up forever.
Lizard on the Stones
Wild Orchid Apparently Wiñay Wayna was named for an orchid that used to grow profusely in this area. I can’t actually tell you if this is one or not – there were many different varieties along the way.
View Down From Wiñay Wayna, it is ordinarily a five-kilometre walk to Machu Picchu. Unfortunately, with part of the track washed out, we had to head down to Aguas Calientes for the night instead. After lunch at the restaurant, we descend through steep, rough terrain …
The Urubamba River at Choquesuysuy … down to the swollen river below. From there, it was a a good two-hour walk along the railway tracks …
Aguas Calientes … into the little town 9 km (5.5 miles) down the mountain from Machu Picchu.
Our Chef This was our last meal with our trekking crew. Our wonderful chef came to take our applause; he really had prepared some fabulous meals!
Now that we were finally below the altitude sickness zone, we were treated to wine with our meal, which we all thoroughly enjoyed.
A hot shower might have been nice after all that exertion, but even though Aguas Calientes means Hot Waters, our campsite had none.
Hands on the Offering Everyday, faithful Hindus – priests and laypeople – say prayers and make offerings of flame, food, and flowers to Ganga Ma, the holy Ganges River at Varanasi, India.
The Ganges River is India’s lifeblood, flowing 2525 kilometres (1570 m) from her source in a glacier in the Himalaya, across India and Bangladesh, and into the Bay of Bengal. The river is sacred: personified as Ganga Ma, mother to humanity.
Hindus worship Ganga Ma as the goddess of purification and forgiveness. Some places along the river banks have taken on additional spiritual significance, with the ghats (steps) at Varanasi being particularly special. Bathing here can purify the soul, and if you die here, you are freed from the endless cycle of rebirth.
Every morning (see: Light in the Darkness) and every evening (see: Life and Death on the Varanasi Ghats) Hindu priests perform the ritual aarati (arti, aarti, arati, arathi, aarthi, aarthy, or arthy) to Mother Ganga. The cacophony of chanting and clanging of bells means the break of day is far from quiet… but there is a kind of a calm in spite of the noise, as the prayers which are offered to the sacred river are performed in their slow, measured paces.
But it is not just the priests: everyone who visits Varanasi bathes in the river as a symbolic purifying ritual. Women who have come to the river as pilgrims go to the muddy edge of the water with their baskets of bits to perform a pūjā, an the act of worship. They make round piles from the river mud and carefully decorate these with flowers, herbs, and spices that they have brought with them. A small butter lamp is lit, prayers are said and water from the river is splashed and drunk. When all is finished, the lumps of clay are returned to the river, and we can all hope for an easier time in the next life.
Perhaps now that time has passed, I can tell the story of how I drank water from the Ganges – and survived.
I had spend a lot of time at the river bank at Assi Ghat photographing the women as they made their offerings. As I was about to leave, three of them consulted each other in Hindi, then turned to me: “Stay, Sister!” One of them made a new set of offerings – clearly on my behalf. I felt honoured, as I was tikka’d and blessed by them, but I admit to being a little nervous while they watched me like hawks to make sure I ate their sweet raisins and ‘drank’ the sacred river. I tried not to swallow too much!
Fortunately, I was fine, and didn’t have to confess to my guides. Not everyone fares so well (eg: SBS Topics: Beliefs and Bacteria).
Offerings to the Shrine Except for the bare bulbs in the garish shrines, the pre-dawn streets are completely dark.
The Shrine I think this might be Hanuman, the monkey God, but I’m not sure.
Morning Meditation The waterfront is dark, with the city lights along the river stretching out to the north. Boys wander the waterfront with baskets of diyas, the small candles surrounded by flowers that are lit for floating on the river.
Morning Aarati The metal aarati plate of scented ghee smokes in the the pre-dawn light.
Ring the Bell The lengthy ceremony uses lamps, incense, bells, conch shells, and sometimes feathers, at specific parts.
Call the Gods Bells focus the mind and alert the Gods to our prayers.
Circling the Flame The flame in the metal aarati plate or lamp represents the power of the deity.
Candelabra The chanting sequences are repeated with a giant flaming candelabra …
The Long Pause … until finally, the ceremony is finished …
The Apparatus … and quiet falls. The dawn light slowly emerges.
A Tender Dawn As the sun approaches the horizon, boats are already out on the river.
Pūjā at Sunrise Paying honour to Ma Ganga takes a number of forms, including taking a ritual bath in the river and offering sacred water to the sun.
Pūjā Offerings The loving offering of light, flowers, and water or food to the divine, is an essential practice in Hinduism.
Offering Light Light, in the form of a flame, is the final element in the offering.
Making Offerings All along the riverbank, women with their baskets of brass jugs, utensils, flowers, and spices, construct their offerings.
Woman on the Ganges It was a meditative process watching the women construct their gifts for the Mother.
Incense Smoke from burning incense is cupped in the hands and waved into ones face.
Decorating the Offering The balls of mud, made from the riverbed, are carefully decorate with spices …
Flowers … and flowers. Every element has a purpose and meaning …
The Offering … and the finished product is quite beautiful.
Women and their Paraphernalia All along the river’s edge, the process is repeated.
Woman on the Riverbank
Woman in Red
Sail Away The offerings, like life, are ephemeral. Once given to the Mother, they are absorbed back into the river.
This visit to the mighty Mother was a long time ago, and I have shared some of these pictures in different formats before. But, I always feel rejuvenated when I revisit these images: there really is something magic in those polluted waters.
Looking over Neck Point The tombola that gives Neck Point Park in Nanaimo, British Columbia its name, has disappeared under the high tide.
The spring month of May in Nanaimo on Canada’s Vancouver Island was unseasonably cold and wet this year. I was living in a too-small-space in a boat on the harbour, and by the end of the month, I needed to get out!
Fortunately, the weather improved somewhat, and Nanaimo has a lot of beautiful parklands within its boundaries. The day before, I had managed a lap around the wetlands at Buttertubs Marsh (see: A City Park for All Seasons). On this particular afternoon, I was joining some locals for a walk on the rugged foreshore at Neck Point Park.
The park is listed as being 36 acres of environmentally sensitive waterfront that is popular with hikers and scuba divers. Home to stands of endangered Garry oaks (Quercus garryana), the varied terrain is criss-crossed with trails. Orcas and sea lions are often seen off the rocky cliffs; we spotted otters and several types of birds – including a pair of bald eagles.
Join me for a short but pleasant coastal walk:
Conifers on the Hill A small stand of the fast-growing native pine, Douglas firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii) greet us as we enter the park.
Blue Camas There are a few camas (Camassia quamash) still in flower in the shadows.
Purple Clover The clover (Trifolium purpureum var. purpureum) by contrast, is prolific.
Walkers on the Path Most of the paths are well groomed and clearly marked; shortly after this, however, we ended up bush-bashing across a section that we later learned is labelled: “Rough Steep Trail”.
Wild Roses As common as they might be, I’ve always loved wild roses (Rosa acicularis).
Forest The woods around here are a mix of conifers and deciduous, including arbutus, Douglas firs, beech, and Garry oaks.
Sunset Beach It is middle of the afternoon, so no sunset for us! But, I admired the driftwood washed up on this small stretch of stony beach.
Cairn Other people have left their mark here in this popular park.
“Heart of the Headlands” Perhaps because I grew up around this landscape, I love the asymmetrical Douglas firs standing on the windy higher ground.
Song Bird Above us, an unidentifiable bird sings to the world.
Dark-Eyed Junco Meanwhile, tiny juncos (Junco hyemalis) scrabble around in the grass not far from our feet.
Driftwood on the Waterfront Beaches here are typically comprised of small gray stones and littered with logs that have escaped the booms that run up and down the coast.
Nature’s Rock Garden As we climb up the next headland, I admire the natural rock gardens that have formed here …
Flowers and Lichen in the Rock Garden … and the tough, but delicate-looking plants that have made this jagged cliff a home.
Wild Rose Away from the exposed cliffs, we find more wild roses.
Island off the Rocks At high tide, the isthmus at Neck Point looks like an island. I am fascinated by the different coloured lichen and verrucaria that add to the textures of the rocks. Hidden from our sight, a rock wall under the water here is home to an array of sealife, making this a popular dive spot.
Onto the Green Although it is only a small park, the outlook and terrain change from one moment to the next.
Across Three Lagoon Islands Park The coast here is scattered with parks and ecological reserves.
Pipers Lagoon Park From here we can look across to Pipers Lagoon Park, and the ramshackle housing nestled close by.
Boats on the Waters Further out, we can just see the lighthouse at Entrance Island, as well as BC Ferries vessels, cargo ships, and recreational boats. The Strait of Georgia is a busy waterway!
Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) It doesn’t matter how often I see these magnificent birds in the wild, they always take my breath away. Even at a distance, those beaks and talons are formidable.
Maple Spinners These take me back to the delights of childhood: we loved finding dry spinners, launching them, and seeing how long they would stay air-born!
Lines and Curves The rooftop of Al Hazm Castle provides a good example of the solid defences and elegant lines seen in many Omani forts.
The Sultanate of Oman is a land of forts and castles.
Sitting at the southeastern end of the Arabian Peninsula, this Middle Eastern country has always been a centre of regional trade. As early as 120 AD, a branch of Nabataean Arabs arrived in the vast desert interior. By the 1600s, the Omani Sultanate was an empire, vying with the Portuguese and British for influence in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean.
Over the years, internal tribes have warred for power, and the area as a whole has had to defend against outsiders. Small surprise then that “[o]ver 1000 forts, castles and watchtowers continue to stand Guard over the Omani landscape”. These various forts, castles, and towers were built over the years by various Sultans, or by invading Portuguese and Ottomans, and modified by whomever followed.
I certainly didn’t visit anywhere near the 1000 forts on offer, although I saw several from a distance when I was in Muscat (see: Between the Past and the Future and On the Arabian Sea). On my second full day in the country, we drove from Muscat to to the fishing village of Barka where we visited the fish market (see: Morning in the Barka Fish Market) before spending time in the nearby Bait Al Na’aman Castle.
Bait or bayt (بيت) is house in Arabic. Bait Al Na’aman is believed to have been built in 1691-92 by Iman Bil’arab bin Sultan as a royal retreat and rest house for journeys between Muscat and Rustaq. Fortifications were added by the Al bu Said dynasty a century later. The building was restored in 1991 with traditional fittings and furnishings and now operates as a museum.
Al-Hazm Castle is a true fort, built to withstand – and return – cannon-fire. Constructed around the beginning of the 18th century, it was the home – and later the tomb – of Imam Sultan bin Saif II. It is considered to be one of the best examples of Islamic architecture in Oman and has been submitted to the tentative list of the UNESCO World Heritage sites. What stood out for me was the colossal wooden doors equipped with receptacles for pouring boiling date syrup over would-be attackers.
Sticky!
Bait Al Na’aman This fortified castle was originally built around 1691-92. It was was restored in 1991 and is now open as a museum.
Entry Door The fortifications on these old buildings have a beauty of their own.
Guides in the Doorway Guides love getting together for a chat. Both men are wearing the traditional white dishdasha. Our guide, Said, is in one of his many round kuma caps, while the museum guide has on a massar or turban.
Lattice Window The interiors of these old buildings are dark, with very little light coming through the latticed window-covers.
Jewellery In the dark interior, display cases contain period items that might have been used by the families living here. The traditional silver jewellery is heavy and ornate.
Rooftop There is plenty of light on the flat roof, where the sun pounds the parapets and the wind ruffles the Omani flag.
Museum Guide I had a chat with the local guide, the father of 16 children; eight to each of his two wives. He’s considering marrying a third woman so he can have more offspring.
On the Road Omani highways are smooth and straight; it’s about a 45 minute drive from Bait Al Na’aman to our next fort in the Al Rustaq hills.
Al Hazm Castle The fort is an impressive structure, one of several built in the Rustaq region during the reign of the Al-Yarubi tribe over Oman.
Said at the Castle Entry Our guide precedes us though the elegantly simple courtyard doors.
Castle Cannons Mounted cannons leave one in no doubt as to the building’s main purpose! The castle also contained a prison, a mosque, and religious classrooms.
Arch and Door
Door Details
Family Outing One of the more recently renovated castles in Oman, the site is a popular destination.
More Door Detail
Guide in a Doorway Said waits to lead us through the network of rooms.
Doors and Arches This is where you could be coated in boiling date syrup if you were not welcome!
Date Storage Many parts of the interior, including where the dates are stored, are almost pitch black.
On the Rooftop From the expansive rooftop, we have commanding views all around.
Curves on the Rooftop Much of what we can see are the palms that provide the dates that are an integral part of every aspect of Omani life.
Dates in the Garden
Guide in a Doorway
Coffee Set
Beautiful Walls and Deadly Cannons
Omani Man in a Massar This is my favourite time in any fort visit: …
Guide in the Garden … when we settle into the garden for qahwa (or kahwa), coffee blended with saffron, rose water, and cardamon and other spices, …
Story-Teller … served up with dates and good humour.
With a head full of facts, photo cards full of images, and more than enough dates and qahwa in our bellies, it was time for the hour-and-a-half drive back to Muscat.
Flying the Greek Flag On the craggy outcrops above the very pretty Preveli Beach, a flag proudly heralds our location.
If you want to knock the long-haul fatigue out of your mind and legs, I can think of no better way than a visit to a Cretan beach.
But, I clearly didn’t fully understand the trip description! The fact that I was – by far – the oldest person on the tour bus should have given me a hint.
Preveli (accent on the first syllable) Beach, on the south coast of Crete, with its unique palm-lined river flowing into the Libyan Sea, is touted as stunningly beautiful.
Which it undoubtedly is.
It is also a 250m (820 ft) drop in altitude from the bus parking lot – which means you access it via a steep, rocky track better suited to mountain goats than my old legs! Going down was testing on my thighs and knees; coming back up in the midday heat – no shade in sight – was nothing short of gruelling! You can actually drive to sea level on the other side, and access the beach via a five-minute walk. But then – as one site pointed out – you miss out on the spectacular view from the tall cliffs on the west side.
Of course, being at the mercy of tour buses or convoluted public transport, I went where I was taken!
The beach is delightful, and visitors – mostly from Northern Europe – were enjoying Grecian September sun and the warm waters of the Libyan Sea. Not being much of a beach person myself, I followed a narrow sandy path through a unique forest of Cretan date palms, up-river along the Mégas Potamós – the Great River. Officially called Theophrastus palms (Phoenix theophrasti), these trees are distinct from the more common date palms (Phoenix Dactylifera) that they resemble. They are only found on Crete and in limited other locations around the Aegean. Remarkably, this particular forest, and thousands of hectares of land in the region, was razed by fire in August 2010. You’d never know it today!
I was in search of a waterfall I was told was twenty minutes up-river, but when I hit a wall of boulders, I had found no more than a few little trickles over rocks. It was a very pretty area, even so.
Recognising my limits – still being exhausted from travelling across more than half the world – I turned back. I had taken note note of what the down-hill trek felt like, and was determined to set back up the hill early and give myself plenty of time to pause and recover.
But, the hard work was unquestionably worth it – as I’m sure you will agree.
North Coast The bus follows the highway along the rugged coast of Crete between my starting point near Heraklion, and the turn south at Rethimno.(iPhone12Pro)
Big Buses – Narrow Roads -Rocks Falling After turning south into even more rugged terrain, we follow another tour bus through the breath-taking Kourtaliotiko Gorge. (iPhone12Pro)
Asomatos Hills Finally out of the gorge, the sea is just visible in the distance, and the fields whizzing past are patterned with crops, orchards, and olive groves.
Glimpses of the Libyan Sea We watch as the sea comes into view. Meanwhile, our tour guide gives us an overview of the place we are going to visit in four languages! (iPhone12Pro)
At the Top When we finally arrive at the top of the cliff, the almost-noon-day sun is pounding on the earth …
The Impossible Brightness … and mountains in the distance float over the Libyan Sea. That is probably Gavdos, the southernmost Greek island, to the right. But we are only a few hundred kilometers from Libya and that may be what we can see on the distant horizon.
A Dramatic Coastline The water changes colour from one minute to the next, and the beautiful coastline stretches out forever.
Preveli Beach Is a Long Way Down! As I continue to pick my way along the rocky path, I can see the resort that allows access to the beach from the other side.
Preveli Beach Those beautiful turquoise waters are getting closer …
A Steep and Rocky Path … but the path remains treacherous, requiring constant attention.
Preveli Beach and the Palm Forest Finally, we get a view over the fabled palms that line the riverbanks of the Great River.
The Palm Forest Odysseus, the King of Ithaca and the bane of High School English students, reputedly stayed near here, and there is a magical story (which I cannot entirely remember or find on line!) about the origins of this forest. What is scientifically remarkable is the rarity of these palms – named Phoenix Theophrasti for the Grecian scholar of botany – and their ability to recover from fire.
Lookout Overhead When I look up, I can see that I have made progress, …
Incoming Boat … but I admit: I’m starting to feel a little envious of those who are coming in by boat!
Rocks in the Bay
More Boats – More Rocks
Noon-Heat Pounding Just a few more bends in the pathway, …
In the Waters … and finally! We can appreciate the beach itself.
Where in the World? Many of us have come a long way to be here!
Into the Palm Forest Rather than swimming or sunbathing, I follow the sandy path upstream through the palm and oleander forest.
In the River Majestic cliffs rise up all around, but even so, Great River (Μέγας Ποταμός – Mégas Potamós) seems a rather ambitious name for a river you can literally wade up! Elsewhere, I have found it named the Kourtaliotis River for the gorge where it originates, or the Kissano Faraggi.
Rocks in the River There is meant to be a waterfall here somewhere, …
Trickles over Rocks … but the canyon was blocked with rocks. I made do with this little cascade.
Tree on the Canyon Wall It is incredible to me the way life clings to these almost-bare rocks!
A Primordial Landscape This landscape took its current shape about 3-4 million years ago, but I can imagine dinosaurs wandering here. More recent animal fossils: giant tortoises, crocodiles, squirrels, wild boars, and antelope among them, have been found in the area.
Sandy Path Following the same gritty-sandy path back, …
Down Stream … I soon glimpse the beach at the river’s mouth.
Rocks on the Beach Back at the beach, people are rock-climbing, sun-baking, or enjoying the water.
Bougainvillea and Old Props I opt for a Greek coffee in the semi-shade. Named for the Moni Preveli Monastery nearby, these lands are now protected under the Natura 2000 program, meaning permanent facilities are limited.
Narrow Path Too soon it is time to start clambering back up that goat track.
A Rugged Coast I make plenty of stops on the way back up the hill – ostensibly to admire the coastline.
Berries … or the local vegetation.
Steep Stairs
One Last Look Naturally, I make another stop at the lookout, before dragging my tired self back the rest of the way to the top.
Fortunately, at the top of the hill, the bus was waiting with the air-conditioner running!
Once I sat down, I felt quite proud of myself and forgot how tired I was.
[…] a world where stress and worries can take over, the Preveli Palm Forest is a place to find peace, beauty, and some fun. It reminds me that sometimes, the best things in […]ReplyCancel
- Performing the Ganga Aarti from Dasaswamedh Ghat, Varanasi
- Buddha Head from Shwedagon Pagoda, Myanmar
- Harry Clarke Window from Dingle, Ireland
- Novice Monk Shwe Yan Pyay Monastery, Myanmar
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