View across the Jordan River Valley from Mount Nebo.

Across the Jordan River Valley
From Mount Nebo in Jordan’s Abarim mountains, one has extensive views over the dry and rugged landscape that is the backdrop to some ancient bible stories.

It is a truly biblical landscape.

Referenced in the Old Testament, it was on this rocky desert terrain that the Hebrew prophet, teacher, and leader Moses walked, gave sermons, and ultimately died.

Moses is considered the most important prophet in Judaism and one of the most important personages in Christianity, Islam, and other Abrahamic religions. He reputedly led his people out of slavery. He is credited with writing the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) and is said to have received the Ten Commandments from God at Mt. Sinai. Here at Mount Nebo, God putatively granted Moses a view of the Promised Land before his death.

And what a view it is!

On a clear day, you can see across the Jordan River Valley and the Dead Sea to the Palestinian city of Hebron, and to Herodium, which is now an archaeological site named for the palace of King Herod. You can see Bethlehem and Jerusalem and Jericho; familiar names to anyone raised in the Judeo-Christian traditions. You can see Lake Tiberias, perhaps better known as the Sea of Galilee, where much of the ministry of Jesus took place. Later, the Crusaders conquered cities and built castles here (see: Shobak Montreal Castle)

You don’t have to look as far, or as far back as that, to appreciate the magnificent mosaics found here. Housed on Mount Nebo in the archaeological remains of the Byzantine Basilica Memorial Church of Moses, mosaics dating from around 530 CE feature patterns, religious symbols, plants, and animals. In the nearby town of Madaba, the Greek Orthodox Saint George’s Church contains an extraordinary mosaic map depicting Jerusalem and the Holy Lands that was crafted between 542 and 570 CE.

Even when looking across the almost barren, almost boundless land, it is hard to fathom the layers of time and the momentous events that have taken place here, and grown into such legends, told and retold.

Sign outside the Memorial of Moses, Mount Nebo, Jordan.

Memorial of Moses
The Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land has owned this site since 1932, so it is technically Vatican property. Over the years, extensive excavations, surveys, and preservation programs have been undertaken by archaeologists affiliated with Franciscan study institutes (see: The Memorial Church of Moses).

Mosaic of a peacock in a grapevine, Mount Nebo, Jordan.

Mosaic from Khirbet al-Mukhayyat (the City of Nebo)
Dated to 565 CE, this is one of the extensive mosaics found in the nearby the Church of St. George, and moved here to the Mount Nebo Memorial access area. This peacock in a grapevine medallion is one of many animals depicted, alongside portraits of the benefactors: that is John, son of Ammonius, in the top right corner.

Structure over the excavated church remains, Mount Nebo, Jordan.

Protecting the Excavated Church Remains
The original church here was built in the second half of the 4th century. Modern exploration of the site began in 1863. When the Franciscans took over, they built a shelter over the archaeological remains to protect them. This one was renovated between 2016 and 2019 CE.

People posing on the rolling stone, Mount Nebo, Jordan.

Rolling Stone – the Fortified Door
In the forecourt, a rolling stone found nearby at Faysaliyah (Kufer Abu Badd) has been mounted. Tourists and pilgrims are everywhere: Mount Nebo was designated a Millennium 2000 pilgrimage site by the Vatican.

View across the Jordan River Valley from Mount Nebo.

Across the Jordan River Valley

The Brazen Serpent sculpture, Mount Nebo, Jordan

The Brazen Serpent
This stunning sculpture by Italian artist Giovanni Fantoni represents the serpent mentioned in the book of Numbers, entwined with the cross upon which Jesus was crucified.

Patterned mosaic, Diakonikon-Baptistery, Mount Nebo, Jordan

Patterned Mosaic
In the northern hall of the basilica, this patterned mosaic was covering (and protecting) an earlier one, which was found about a meter below.

Diakonikon-Baptistery mosaic central section, Mount Nebo, Jordan

Central Mosaic
Tiled circa 530, the incredible Byzantine mosaic floor in the Diakonikon-Baptistery covered an area of 9 x 3 m. This central section, framed by a chain-style ornamental border, depicts hunting and pastoral scenes.

Stained glass windows in the Modern Church of Moses, Mount Nebo, Jordan.

Stained Glass
There are three stained glass windows in the apse of Modern Church of Moses; the middle one shows Moses standing under the Brazen Serpent with his siblings, Aaron and Miriam.

Wall-mounted mosaic sample in the Theotokos Chapel, Mount Nebo, Jordan.

Mosaic Sample in the Theotokos Chapel

Signboard pointing to visible places in the Holy Land, Mount Nebo, Jordan.

Those Names!
A sign shows the direction to various locations in the Holy Land: Bethlehem is only 50 km (31 m) away.

Ruined columns, Mount Nebo, Jordan.

Bits and Columns
Excavations and restorations continue.

The rolling stone, Mount Nebo, Jordan.

The Abu Badd – The Rolling Stone
We seem to have outlasted other visitors to the site, and as we make our way back out, I get a chance to photograph that extraordinary Byzantine monastery door without people all over it!

The Book of Love sculpture, Mount Nebo, Jordan.

Sculpture by Vincenzo Bianchi
Back at the site entry, I have time for a better look at the monolithic sculpture inscribed “Unus Deus, Pater Omnium, Super Omnes” (One God, The Father Of All, Above all).

Back detail of The Book of Love sculpture, Mount Nebo, Jordan.

‘Book of Love Among Nations’
The monument by Vincenzo Bianchi was erected in honor of the visit of Pope John-Paul II in March, 2000. The back is inscribed with author’s names.

Shop awnings on a city street, Madaba Jordan

City Street
It’s a short drive down the hill to Madaba; we get a glimpse of the shops along the way.

Church of Saint George in the trees, Madaba Jordan.

The Church of Saint George
Our next stop is at the Greek Orthodox Saint George’s Church in Madaba.

Church of Saint George doorway, Madaba Jordan.

Saint George’s Church
Built between 1894 and 1897, it has simple lines.

Mosaic map, Madaba Jordan.

Mosaic Map
The church’s simple structure is not its principal drawcard: St George is also called the Church Of The Map. This mosaic map, found in 1894 when the church was being reconstructed, was made between 542 and 570. It the largest mosaic map in the world and the oldest map of Palestine on record. About a quarter of the original two million pieces of coloured stone survive in place.

Signboard explaining the mosaic map, the Church of Saint George, Madaba Jordan.

The Mosaic Map Explained
Although the map is detailed and very accurate, it can be hard for us to interpret. It was not designed as a practical road map for pilgrims, instead, it is a complex work of Christian art with layers of embodied meaning.

The Apse inside the Church of Saint George, Madaba Jordan.

The Apse inside St George

Mosaic depiction of Mary and Jesus, the Church of Saint George, Madaba Jordan.

“Virgin and Child”

Mary As A Well Of Life and St Nicholas icons, St. George

“Mary As A Well Of Life” and “St Nicholas”
I’m guessing the mosaics and paintings of icons and saints that adorn the inside of the church are much more recent than the map floor – but I could find no information on most of them.

Rugs for sale, Madaba street, Jordan

Rugs for Sale
After a morning of biblical history, it was nice to come back to the present, and admire the local craftsmanship.

Ceramic coasters on display in a Madaba shop, Jordan.

Ceramics for Sale
Naturally, tourists are targeted, …

Nuts and seeds in shop display baskets, Madaba Jordan.

Nuts and Seeds for Sale
… but everyday items are available as well.

Portrait: Jordanian shopkeeper, Madaba

Shopkeeper
I’m happy to settle for a local smile.

The exquisite craftsmanship that went into making those intricate mosaics of the past continues now: Madaba is the hub of mosaic-making in Jordan today and is known as “The City of Mosaics”.

Text: Happy Travels

But, it was the history that blew me away.

Happy Travels!

Pictures: 18October2019

View of the Annapurnas from Poon Hill, Nepal

Touching the Sky
This is Heaven! The views of the Annapurnas from the Poon Hill Track are ample reward for a wet two-day trek from Nayapul (see: The Ghorepani Trek) and a hour-long, pre-dawn, up-hill hike from Ghorepani.

Pictures don’t do it justice!

There is nothing like being in the Himalaya with magnificent jagged snow-capped peaks rising all around. The rarified spring air, thinned by the altitude (3210 m), and the effort involved in the steep, 1.4 km hike up the hill from Ghorepani in the dark, only add to the feeling of awe as you come out of the wooded trail and watch the sun climb over the jagged peaks.

I had been itching to get back to this paradise since my first visit in 2001 (see: Heaven and Hard Work). For a number of reasons (the murder of the Nepali Royal Family, the Maoist Uprising, and the Gorkha Earthquake, to name a few …), it was many years before I could return.

This trip (2017), coordinated by photographer Gavin Gough with the local guidance of Angfula Sherpa, was almost two years after the earthquake, and the destruction wrought by that event was still much in evidence.

But, equally visible was the progress that had been made – especially around the trekking trails: hot water, light, and wifi were available everywhere. The guest-houses were still simple, but clean and dry. “Clean Food” signs abounded, and a local co-operative meant that all the hotels served the same basic menu at the same fixed price.

When I first trekked these paths, we slept huddled in sleeping bags, in plyboard shelters so thin that the wind blew out our candles. There was no electricity and no plumbing: the outhouse toilets were unspeakable. Food safety was patchy, and our guides restricted what and where we ate, and splashed our hands and dishes before every meal with some sort of liquid that made my fingers crack and bleed. We were practically force-fed tea and soup (coffee was nowhere to be found) to stave off altitude sickness. Of course, there was no wifi, and the only phone line on our seven day trek was at the post office in Ghorepani, where I paid a small fortune for a booked call home on a crackly line.

The easier conditions have led to an increase in trekkers, and the trails – especially at popular places like Poon Hill – are busy.

But, the mountains endure. And are worth every step.

Silhouetted fir branches against a pre-dawn sky, Ghorepani Nepal

Silhouetted Fir at First Light
If you want to catch a sunrise, you have to start walking in the dark!

A band of sunlight over the Annapurnas, Poon Hill Track Nepal

Daybreak in the Annapurnas
Although Google Maps says it is only a 40 minute walk up to Poon Hill, both my husband I were struggling and probably took longer than that. There was the very real chance that we would miss the sunrise!

A dawn sky over the Annapurnas, Poon Hill Track Nepal

The Annapurnas
The sky is getting lighter quickly, bringing clarity to the mountains all around.

Looking up at the watch house on Poon Hill, Nepal

Watch House at the Top
Soon the top of the hill is in sight, but it still looks like a steep climb; …

Morning light on Dhaulagiri from Poon Hill Nepal

Daybreak in the Himalaya
… which it is – but worth it! Sunlight hits the top of Dhaulagiri (8167m) as we summit.

Sunburst over the Annapurnas from Poon Hill Nepal

Here Comes the Sun!
The sun rises quickly over Annapurna IV (7525 m) and II (7937m) in the east.

Crowd of trekkers on Poon Hill, Nepal

Crowd on Poon Hill
There is a crowd at the top of the hill – but it is not noisy: there is a shared sense of joy at the sunrise, and awe at the view over the magnificent Dhaulagiri and Annapurna mountain ranges.

Man and woman on Poon Hill, against the Annapurnas, Nepal

Tired but Victorious
Some occasions are so special they warrant a portrait.

Stone path off the top of Poon Hill, Nepal

Walking Down
After a while, we start making our way back down the hill.

Looking up at the watch house on Poon Hill, Nepal

Leaving the Watch House Behind
The morning sun casts long shadows as we walk down the slate steps.

Prayer flag on a cairns nest to the track, Poon Hill Track Nepal

Cairns and Prayers
The track is lined with cairns and memorial markers.

Prayer flags on the path down from Poon HIll, Nepal

Prayer Flags and Snow
The name Himalaya comes from the Sanskrit words hima (snow) and ālaya (dwelling, abode). In the dark on the way up the hill, I didn’t notice the spring snow on the ground.

Looking up at the watch house on Poon Hill, Nepal

Prayer Flags
Prayers flutter in the breeze over the watch house

Cairns in the snow, Poon Hill Track, Nepal

Cairns in the Snow

Annapurna South and Hiunchuli from the Poon Hill Track, Nepal

Annapurna South and Hiunchuli

Dhaulagiri from the Poon Hill Track, Nepal

Dhaulagiri
The Dhaulagiri Range is further away than the Annapurnas, and across Kali Gandaki River and Gorge, but the peaks feels close enough to touch.

Dhaulagiri from the Poon Hill Track, Nepal

The Dhaulagiri Mountains
Further down the hill, some of the rhododendron is still in bloom.

Hotel Dhaulagiri, Ghorepani with the Annapurnas in the background, Nepal

Hotel Dhaulagiri
From our hotel, we have a view over the streets – where manual labour continues and the corrugated metal roofs I remember now feature modern solar panels.

Power lines over the Annapurnas, Ghorepani, Nepal

The Annapurnas
The power lines are another new addition.

Change is inevitable – and there have been further major changes since we made this trek.

Sign-Off-NamasteBut, the mountains are timeless and continue.

Namaste 🙏

Photos: 21March2017

  • Gavin - May 12, 2023 - 6:54 pm

    Does that seem like a lifetime ago to you too? Thank you for sharing your wonderful photographs and for the happy memories.ReplyCancel

    • Ursula - May 13, 2023 - 3:02 am

      Thanks for your visit, Mr Gough! Yes, more than one lifetime, indeed … I’d go back – but I’d be even slower. 😆ReplyCancel

Portrait: Elderly Indian man with a beard and a mallet, Bengani Marbles, Rajasthan India

A Man and a Wheel
At a marble-tile workshop in Rajasthan, India, an older worker happily poses for photographs.

One of the things I love about travelling with a photo group is that you can end up in some strange places that you might otherwise miss. In addition, you spend more time in one spot than you would with a ‘normal’ tour group, giving you a chance to think about seeing things differently and to play around with settings and composition.

I was on the road with photographer Karl Grobl from Jim Cline Photo Tours; we had just spent several days around Pushkar for the annual Pushkar Camel Fair (see: Weekly Wanders Pushkar) and were on our way to Jaipur by road when we stopped in the factory district of Kishangarh.

I – like many others, I am sure – had never heard of this little city in Rajasthan. During the days of the British Raj, Kishangarh was the capital of its own princely state. Today it is known (apparently!) as a center for marble trade.

Rajasthan has India’s richest deposits of marble, producing high-grade stone in a variety of unique colors. Kishangarh has a number of small factories turning out quality industrial-standard refined natural marble, as well as some granite.

Watching how the large sheets of stone were cut into massive slabs or small tiles was fascinating. What I particularly loved – and tried to focus on – was the textures of the old surfaces, the ceaseless movement of the machines, and the constant flow of water. What I couldn’t capture was the noise and heat!

Join me for a workshop visit – just a bit off the usual tourist trail …

Green fruit on a desert tree, Pushkar Desert Camp, India

Fruit at the Desert Camp
Morning started hot and early at our desert camp near Pushkar.

Bengani Marbles workshop office, Kishangarh India

Workshop Entry
It’s about an hour’s drive to these unassuming looking premises in the small city of Kishangarh. I love the textures in the colour-washed walls – even when they are in the shadows.

Men in the yard, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Heat in the Yard
The sun is almost directly overhead; it bounces off the stacked marble sheets and the white dust in the yard.

A man moving a sheet of marble in the yard, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Moving Marble
The sheets of marble look heavy and cumbersome. As hard as marble is, I’m not sure it would survive a drop! Naturally, there is a noticeable absence of protective clothing.

Wet Machinery, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

A Block of Marble and Wet Machinery
It’s hot, dark, and noisy in the workshop. Granite and marble are hard stones – the blades used to to cut them need a constant flow of water to keep them from overheating.

Rusty marble-cutting machine, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Moving Parts
Texture is everywhere – I love these rusty surfaces. To capture the machine’s movement, I slowed the shutter speed right down – always risky when you don’t have a tripod handy! (ISO 400 16 mm f / 5.6 1/30 sec)

Ends of a stack of sliced marble, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Straight Lines
Looking at the ends of a stack of cut slabs, you can see how cleanly the marble block has been sliced into sheets.

Patterned grates over drainage channels, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Geometric Patterns
Open culverts under metal grates carry the milky runoff water from the cutting machines.

Wet Machinery, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Splashing Water
Light from the doorways bounces off the wet marble and the spraying water.  In addition to keeping the blades cooler, the flow of water reduces friction, dust, and noise. (ISO 200 23 mm f / 9 1/30 sec)

Portrait: Elderly Indian man with a beard and a mallet, Bengani Marbles, Rajasthan India

Man with a Mallet
That colourful wheel is spinning rather fast: this doesn’t feel like the safest of workplaces! (ISO 400 70 mm f / 3.2 1/60 sec)

Portrait: Elderly Indian man with a beard and a mallet, Bengani Marbles, Rajasthan India

Man and a Spinning Wheel
With a wider angle lens, I capture the whole wheel and the machine driving it. (ISO 400 16 mm f / 5.6 1/30 sec)

Wet Machinery, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Moving Water
The constant flow of waters over the massive blocks of marble has a life of its own; … (ISO 200 17 mm f / 5.6 1/60 sec)

Wet Machinery, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Moving Water
… to try and show this better, I created my first gif. What do you think?

Two people seen through falling water, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Through the Water
Two other photo-tour participants watch the process from the other side of the waterfall.

Portrait of two young Indian men, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Workers inside the Workshop

Odd pieces of broken pink marble, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Patterns in the Pieces
Back outside, piles of broken tiles or cut ends are scattered everywhere.

Men table-cutting marble, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Cutting Marble
In a cubby-hole outside, men are cutting sheets of marble into smaller tiles. Again, water is an integral part of the process.

Portrait of an Indian man in a headscarf, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Marble Worker
Workers are always ready to take time out for a smile.

Men in a marble workshop yard, Bengani Marbles, Kishangarh India

Men in the Workyard
There is no feel of urgency anywhere in the yard.

It was a fascinating stop.

Who knew that the making of marble floor- and wall-tiles and countertops was so interesting!

Photos: 14November2013

A single pine at the Lone Pine Memorial, Gallipoli Turkey

A Lonely Pine
A single pine dominates the graveyard in front of the Lone Pine Memorial – which stands on the site of the fiercest fighting of the eight-month long WWI Gallipoli campaign. The memorial commemorates the more than 4,900 Australian and New Zealand servicemen who died on the Gallipoli Peninsula during the engagement.

“There never was a good war, or a bad peace.”

– Benjamin Franklin (July 27, 1983)

Last Tuesday was ANZAC Day: a national day of remembrance in Australia and New Zealand that commemorates those “who served and died in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations” and their contribution and suffering. The date, however, was specifically chosen to immortalise the landing of ANZAC (Australia and New Zealand Army Corps) forces at Gallipoli, Turkey (Gelibolu, Türkiye) on April 25th, 1915.

This was a tragic campaign in the already-bloody First World War.

By the end of 1914 stalemate had taken hold on Western and Eastern Fronts. Allied thinking was that if they controlled the Dardanelles, also known as the Strait of Gallipoli, they could capture Constantinople (now Istanbul), and force Turkey out of the war.

Unfortunately, they seem to have forgotten a British Committee of Imperial Defense study in 1906, ruling that the fortifications and potential threat of mines in this very narrow strait made attacking by ship a dangerous mission. They also underestimated their enemy who were defending their own home soil. The naval attacks failed: one French battleship was hit by shore battery fire and had to withdraw; another was capsized, with the loss of almost all on board; civilian-manned minesweepers retreated under Ottoman fire; three British Royal Navy ships were damaged – with two sinking; two further French battleships were damaged and forced to retreat; and two Allied submarines were lost to mines and strong currents.

Plans to overpower the Turkish defences on land, opening the way for Allied ships, began.

The Mediterranean Expeditionary Force of around 70,000 men was formed comprising the 29th Division (British Infantry), the ANZACs, the Royal Naval Division, British Territorial Army units, a small contingent of Indian Army soldiers, some Newfoundlanders, and a French division – all led by General Sir Ian Hamilton. Postponed to 25 April due to bad weather, the landings were to be made at five beaches on Gallipoli Peninsula.

The maps were inadequate and virtually nothing went to plan.

For example: the ANZACs were landed about a mile further north than intended, into what can only be described as a defender’s paradise. Instead of the wide flats at Gaba Tepe, they were faced with the steep cliffs of what is now known as ANZAC Cove. The fierce Ottoman counterattacks were organized by Mustafa Kemal – later known as Atatürk, the founding father and first president of the Republic of Turkey.

Conditions were dreadful: there was a lack of water and nowhere to dispose of waste or bury the dead. In some places, trenches were barely four metres apart: trenches where soldiers were tormented by thirst, debilitated by dysentery, and plagued by flies and lice. Although the Allied troops made some advances, it finally became clear to those higher up that this was too costly an operation – especially after Serbia and Bulgaria joined Germany, allowing a direct railway connection into Turkey itself, meaning the Ottomans could easily be resupplied. 

After a November visit by Lord Kitchener, the decision was finally made to evacuate. Ironically, that is the only part of the disastrous campaign that seems to have gone smoothly. By 20 December 1915, the ANZACs were evacuated, and other Allied forces soon followed. 

Today you can walk around these fateful hills where so many young men lost their lives. There are 31 Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) cemeteries on the Gallipoli Peninsula, one French cemetery at Seddülbahir, and numerous Ottoman/Turkish memorials. Both the Australians and the Turks see this as an important place: Turkish Gallipoli Martyrs are as important to the Turkish national identity as the stories of Australian and New Zealander courage, sacrifice, and nationhood are to the ANZAC legend.

The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge from a bus in Gallipoli, Turkey

Scenes from a Bus : The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge
The Gallipoli Peninsula is about a three hour drive east of Istanbul. On the European continent, it is separated from the Asian part of Türkiye to the south by the Dardanelles, a narrow strait (between 1.2 and 6 kilometres (0.75 to 3.73 mi) wide). This area was known for its rich history long before its strategic importance in World War I.
This bridge, at the eastern end of the peninsula near the Sea of Marmara, is about 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) long. (iPhone12Pro)

Gelibolu Milli Parkı Kabatepe Dinlenme Merkez, Gallipoli, Turkey

Scenes from a Bus : Bunker on the Beach
This spot on the Aegean Sea looks idyllic, until you see the bunkers: a stark reminder of past wars. (iPhone12Pro)

The Sphinx, mountain overlooking Anzac Cove, Gallipoli, Turkey

The Sphinx Overlooking Anzac Cove
What a catastrophic place for a landing! Once you manage to climb over the rocky beach, this ridge shadows you.

Low brick wall over ANZAC Cove, Gallipoli, Turkey

ANZAC Cove
The Australian, New Zealand, and Turkish governments have joined forces to conduct the Gallipoli field survey, to develop important sites, and to manage special commemorations and increasing visitor numbers.

Beach at ANZAC Cove, Gallipoli, Turkey

Beach at ANZAC Cove
I always think of ‘beach’ as sand: this is far from it. The cove is 600 metres long, bounded by the headlands of Arıburnu to the north and Little Arıburnu, known as Hell Spit, to the south. On April 25th 1915, 16,000 Australians and New Zealanders – most of whom had never seen combat – landed here. By that evening, 2,000 of them had been killed or wounded.

Rocks in ANZAC Cove, Gallipoli, Turkey

Rocks in ANZAC Cove

Visitors reading the information signboards, ANZAC Cove, Gallipoli, Turkey

Reading the Information
Established in 1973 by the Turkish government, and included in the United Nations list of of National Parks and Protected Areas, the Gallipoli Peninsula Historical Site covers over 33,000 hectares. A rundown of the events at ANZAC Cove are laid out here in English and Turkish.

The Memorial at ANZAC Cove, Gallipoli Turkey

The Memorial at ANZAC Cove
“Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives … You are now lying in the soil of a friendly country. Therefore rest in peace. There is no difference between the Johnnies and the Mehmets to us where they lie side by side here in this country of ours … You, the mothers who sent their sons from faraway countries, wipe away your tears; your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace. After having lost their lives on this land they have become our sons as well.”
Dated 1934 and attributed to Atatürk, there is no evidence he wrote – or even spoke – these words. Still, they reflect a mutual respect, for which there are many corroborated examples.

Headstone, Beach Cemetery, ANZAC Gallipoli Turkey

Among The Fallen – 740 Private Peter A Smith

Musulman Soldier of the British Army, 860 Driver Husain Khan

Azmak Cemetery, Gallipoli Turkey

Azmak Cemetery
Named for the watercourse nearby, this cemetery has 1074 First World War servicemen buried or commemorated; 684 of the burials are still unidentified.

Respect to Mehmetçik Monument, Gallipoli Turkey

Respect to Mehmetçik Monument
‘Mehmetçik’ (or Mehmet) is a colloquial term for Turkish Army soldiers. There is a story of a Turk raising a white flag in order to deliver a wounded Australian officer back to his own lines – this sculpture by artist Tankut Öktem depicts that story.

The Lone Pine Memorial, Gallipoli Turkey

The Lone Pine Memorial
This memorial stands at the east end of the cemetery, on what was a strategically important plateau overlooking the whole May 1915 front line.

Names of the fallen on the Lone Pine Memorial, Gallipoli Turkey

So Many Fallen …
The memorial commemorates more than 4,900 Australian and New Zealand servicemen who died in the ANZAC area and whose graves are not known, as well as others who died at sea and were buried in the waters off Gallipoli.

A single pine at the Lone Pine Memorial, Gallipoli Turkey

Lone Pine Cemetery
The battlefield was named for a solitary Aleppo pine that stood there at the start of the fighting. The land had been forested, but the other trees were cut by Turkish troops for their trenches.

A single pine at the Lone Pine Memorial, Gallipoli Turkey

Stone Pine – Pinus pinea
The original tree did not survive the fighting, but it was such an evocative symbol that at least two Australian soldiers took cones from it back home. Today, you will see descendents of that pine in many Australian war cemeteries. This one, on the other hand, is a different species.

Pines in the trenches on Gallipoli, Turkey

Pines in the Trenches
Planted pines dot some of the remaining trenches. (iPhone12Pro)

Large stone memorial, Gallipoli Turkey

Curved Memorial

New Zealand Memorial at Chunuk Bair, Gallipoli Turkey

New Zealand Memorial at Chunuk Bair

Statue of Mustafa Kemal Pasha at Chunuk Bair, Gallipoli Turkey

Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk)

Curved monument tribute to Turkish soldiers, Gallipoli Turkey

Tribute to Turkish Soldiers

Respect History Monument and Park, Eceabat Turkey

Respect History Monument and Park
A short distance away in the town of Eceabat, a large park features several depictions of the battlegrounds.

Respect History Monument, Eceabat, Turkey

Respect History Monument
A large bronze statue in the park includes the Respect to Mehmetçik motif.

Çanakkale in afternoon light from the water, Turkey

Çanakkale in Afternoon Light
As if to lighten the heavy weight of history, the sun broke through the clouds over the the city of Çanakkale as we crossed the Dardanelles by ferry from Eciabat.

It was a costly campaign: numbers vary widely, but the losses were enormous on all sides. One estimate is that more than 130,000 died: at least 87,000 Ottoman soldiers, and 44,000 Allied forces, including more than 8700 Australians and 2779 New Zealanders.

Text: Lest we Forget

It was meant to be the war to end all wars.

Which, of course, it wasn’t (see: For the ANZACs; War and Pieces).

Photos: 17October2022

Adults in colourful costume and happy children, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

We’re Going on an Egg Hunt!
A morning spent on the Panboola Wetlands on the far-south coast of NSW Australia is always a joy. On Easter Saturday, the site hosted the Ephemeral Festival: a truly family-friendly affair celebrating the landscape of Panboola and the creativity it inspires.

I woke up with my fingers crossed.

All night long the rain had thundered on my roof. I live a short distance from Pambula, and I could only hope that the Ephemeral Festival there that day, on the Panboola Wetlands, would go ahead. It wouldn’t be the first time the whole site had been flooded out!

But, the Autumn day dawned crisp and clear – albeit with gale-force winds blowing off the coast. When I arrived at the venue, it was already busy with volunteers and stall-holders setting up.

Ephemeral is a festival that draws artistic inspiration from the rich and layered natural surroundings. Local artists – visual artists, musicians, crafts-people, story-tellers, and dance performers – come out and showcase their skills and/or conduct workshops using the wetlands as their muse. The last time I attended, I enjoyed it thoroughly (see: A Celebration of Impermanence).

Panboola itself is a wonderful 82 hectare reserve on a floodplain adjoining the northern section of Beowa National Park (formerly Ben Boyd National Park). It is bordered by the Pambula River, and encompasses an old racecourse – which is now a delightful walking/cycling circuit; thickets of mangroves and saltmarsh; farmlands which are sustainably managed and help provide income for reserve maintenance costs; and billabongs where waterbirds like black swans and moorhens wander and nest and raise their young.

The property around the old racecourse was/is Crown Land. Much of the rest was bought by local environmentalist Alexandra Sedden (more about her later) as a waterbird sanctuary and gifted to the community in a Conservation Trust. Over the years, parcels of land have been added by other local benefactors. The whole property is now managed by the Pambula Wetlands and Heritage Project Inc. and maintained by an army volunteers who meet weekly to plant, or weed, or mow – or whatever else needs doing.

It is always a lovely place to be – but is extra special during celebrations. Do come along!

Entry to Tips Billabong, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Entry to Tips Billabong
The gazebos are up and the chairs are out: the festival grounds are ready to welcome participants.

Women at a fabric-stamping booth, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Garment Glow-Up Bar
Botanical artist Ge Warburton and visual artist Hilary Peterson joined forces to facilitate a fabric-stamping booth. For a small fee, participants could colour their own fabrics, or buy a piece of clothing or a blank tea-towel to stamp with ready-cut patterns. Both women have run immensely popular workshops at Panboola in the past, so I was keen to see how this one would fare. (Spoiler alert: It was busy all day!)

Puppet Theatre, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Puppet Theatre
Small knitted finger puppets in the shape of Australian native animals were on hand for some free creative play.

Fabrics dancing on the wind, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Dancing Fabrics
‘Ephemeral’ is – by its very definition – fleeting. These installations by dancer Patrick (Paddy) Meessmann and artist Eva Beullens capture that completely.

Dried flowers, , Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Dried Flowers
It is a testament to our local creatives – and to the festival organisers – that both sessions of the Floral Wreath Workshop sold out! Two local flower-growers, Trish Castillo of Wyndham Flower Farm and Karyn Mumberson from BourndaGrow, supplied the materials and the advice for participants.

Woman selecting dried flowers, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Selecting Flowers
The participants selected their dried flowers with care …

Women crafting dried flowers, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Making Wreaths
… before attaching them to the supplied wreath forms.

Woman crafting dried flowers, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Floral Wreath
The second workshop, in the afternoon, was just as popular.

Hay bales and armchairs under a tree, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Warming up the Story Tree
Meanwhile, the Story Tree is ready.

Food gazebos, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Cake and Coffee
The local Rotary Club and Country Women’s Association are on hand with food.

Coffee cart, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Drink Stand
My priority is always coffee!

A child

Little Hands
The Garment Glow-Up Bar is busy; …

Ge Warburton, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Ge Warburton
… Ge hangs up the newly patterned works to dry in the wind …

Hilary Peterson, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Hilary Peterson
… and Hilary cleans the stamps between customers.

Mother and child with a stamped t-shirt, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Showing off the T-Shirt
Later in the day, I found a young person (and their parent ) who was happy to show off their finished product.

Adults in colourful costume and happy children, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Egg Hunt
Colourfully-costumed children’s performers, Latvian Independence Day, lead families on an ‘egg hunt’. Panboola volunteers hid pre-painted stones around the grounds at intervals – these could be exchanged for chocolate eggs.

Young woman applying henna, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Applying Henna
For a gold donation to the Wetlands, you could get a henna tattoo; …

Henna design on an arm, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Henna Design
… like the theme of the festival, the designs are beautiful – and impermanent.

Wyndham Weavers, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Wyndham Weavers
Everywhere you look, there is art and craft going on.

Pots by Wyndham Weavers, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Beautiful Baskets
These crafts-people possess a wealth of skill and knowledge about local materials and ancient techniques …

Wyndham Weavers, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Basket Weaving
… and happily share that with anyone interested.

Hands weaving grass, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Hands at Work
Here, a young couple is being shown how to build a firm base for a basket.

Potoroo Palace Information table, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Potoroo Palace Information Table
Potoroo Palace is a local not-for-profit public animal sanctuary, dedicated to art, education, and helping injured and/or orphaned native wildlife.

Portrait: Alexandra Seddon, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Alexandra Seddon
Alexandra, the founder and patron of Potoroo is also one of the principal benefactors of the Panboola Wetlands. Her story, as told on the ABC’s Conversations radio program, is a truly remarkable one.

Hanging wooden chair with royal blue fabric, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Austr

Chair in the Air

Fling Theatre dance group, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

The Moorhen and Fling Theatre
The youth and children of Fling Physical Theatre put on two expressive dance performances – centred around a giant, wafty moorhen.

Frida the Moorhen, Fling Theatre, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Frida the Moorhen
Moorhens (Gallinula chloropus) are the signature logo of the Panboola Wetlands; this one has been named Frida after the Mexican painter.

Children of Fling Theatre, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Children of Fling
In floating capes resembling butterfly wings …

Children of Fling Theatre, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Fling Theatre
… the children swooped and wove around the performance space.

Kate Liston-Mills, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Kate Liston-Mills
A local mum, journalist, and author settles in under the Story Tree … 

Kate Liston-Mills, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Room on the Broom
… for a dramatic reading of a children’s favourite picture book.

Ephemeral art with wool and feathers, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Aus

Catching Dreams

Wood Carving for New Moon Spoons, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

New Moon Spoons
Local woodcarver Paul Boyer is on hand to teach skills, sell products, or just chat.

Portrait: Paul Boyer carving wood, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Paul Boyer

Clay bird, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

The Bird Comes to Life
Art therapist Bella Insch of Pambula’s Brush with Clay Studio ran a workshop on hand-building clay. I popped in regularly to watch the objects take shape.

Child with a tall stack of blocks, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Quiet Moments – Stacking Blocks

Panboola Stand, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Panboola Stand
These are the linchpins: Wetlands Project Coordinator Michelle Richmond chats with volunteers selling products and dispensing information at the Panboola Stand.

Flowered metal orb on the grass, Ephemeral, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Fallen Orb
Nothing lasts forever! In the afternoon, the winds picked up, causing damage to several of the marquis and knocking this beautiful flowered orb off its pedestal.

Bird mural on a heritage building, Panboola Wetlands, NSW Australia

Mural on the Old Bar
As the day drew to a close, I went in search of a resident barn owl who had been spotted in the trees here. The only owl I found was on the mural attached to the Old Bar: this was painted by local children under the guidance of artist Terri Tuckwell at the last major celebration: Panboola’s Anniversary (see: Happy Anniversary, Panboola Wetlands).

It was a very full day – which is why I had trouble limiting the photos I wanted to share!

But, as long as it was, it was a day full of creativity, goodwill, and smiles.

I’m already looking forward to the next festival.

Until then, I’ll go back to pulling invasive weeds …

Pictures: 08April2023